History of Microscopes

A microscope  is an instrument used for viewing objects that are too small to be seen easily by the naked eye. There are many types of microscopes, from the common optical microscope—which uses light to magnify a sample—to the electron microscope, ultramicroscope, and various types of scanning probe microscopes. No matter what kind of microscope youre using, it had to start somewhere. Understand the history of this invention with this microscope timeline. Early Years Circa 1000 CE: The first vision aid, called a reading stone, was created (inventor unknown). It was a glass sphere that magnified reading materials when laid on top of them.Circa 1284: Italian inventor  Salvino DArmate is credited with inventing the first wearable eyeglasses.1590: Two Dutch eyeglass makers, Zacharias Janssen and son Hans Janssen, experimented with multiple lenses placed in a tube. The Janssens observed that objects viewed in front of the tube appeared greatly enlarged, creating both the telescope and the forerunner of the compound microscope.1665: English physicist  Robert Hooke looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and noticed pores or cells in it.1674: Anton van Leeuwenhoek built a simple microscope with only one lens to examine blood, yeast, insects, and many other tiny objects. He was the first person to describe bacteria,  and he also invented new methods for grinding and polishing microscope lenses. These techniques allowed for curvatures p roviding magnifications of up to 270 diameters, the best available lenses at that time. 1800s 1830: Joseph Jackson Lister reduced spherical aberration (or the chromatic effect) by showing that several weak lenses used together at certain distances provided good magnification without blurring the image. This was the prototype for the compound microscope.1872: Ernst Abbe, then research director of the Zeiss Optical Works, wrote a mathematical formula called the Abbe Sine Condition. His formula provided calculations that allowed for the maximum possible resolution in microscopes. 1900s 1903: Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultramicroscope capable of studying  objects below the wavelength of light. For this, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925.1932: Frits Zernike invented the phase-contrast microscope that allowed for the study of colorless and transparent biological materials. He won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physics for it.1931: Ernst Ruska co-invented the electron microscope, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. An electron microscope depends on electrons rather than light to view an object.  Electrons are sped up in a vacuum until their wavelength is extremely short—only 0.00001 that of white light. Electron microscopes make it possible to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom.1981: Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level. They won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for this accomplishment. The powerful scanning t unneling microscope is one of the strongest microscopes to date.

Utilitarianism and Omelas Applying John Stuart Mills...

Through the course of this paper the author will try to demonstrate, depicting both sides of the argument, the reasons in which a follower of John Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism would disagree with the events taking place in Ursula Le Guin s The One s Who Walk Away from Omelas. The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Mill 55). This is how Mill first presents the idea of Utilitarianism. If it promotes happiness it is right, if it promotes the reverse of happiness, then it is wrong. If one were to simply take this statement, without further†¦show more content†¦The teachings of Mill on page 57 state that a highly endowed being would always find that any happiness he searched for would inevitably be imperfect. Yet this being has the ability to learn to bear its imperfections. If this were true, the people of Omelas would be able to bear the imperfections of the normal world they once lived in and, therefore, have no need to pursue the perfect happiness and pleasures. This thought is also backed

Society the Mental Health of Women Free Essays

The gender roles placed on women are far more harmful than they seem.   Women are expected to have communal traits whereas men are expected to be agentic.   Communal traits are things that maintain strong relationships like being nurturing or compassionate, and polite. We will write a custom essay sample on Society the Mental Health of Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Men are generally expected to be assertive and competitive (White, pg 58).   When these gender roles are violated society tends to discriminate.   In the work place, when a woman is especially assertive she is often referred to as a bitch or masculine because others believe she is â€Å"not very feminine† but if a man were to do the same he would simply be seen as a go-getter (White, pg 59). This is a Western society norm, and it obviously puts women at a serious disadvantage professionally, because in order for her to achieve success as defined by society she must maintain relationships and not sacrifice them for advances in her career.   As a result, women hold lower positions, don’t get paid as much as men, and don’t get as many promotions.   This prejudice is the core cause to mental health problems for women, as well as an inherent trait of western society. At every level of education, it has been proven that women make less than men (Judith, 52).   Women are less likely to ask for raises because they don’t like to self-promote, and they also don’t want to create any animosity between her and her supervisor which would violate her role as a woman.   As a result of these professional setbacks women tend to be in lower economic classes.   Anyone with financial problems is at a higher risk for depression, but women have lower paying jobs, so they are more liable (Judith, 52).   Poverty definitely plays a big part in the development of depression, among other disorders.   Not having enough money to eat is severe stress and not having enough money to feed your children is twice as bad. One major problem in society that is mentally affecting our women is this culture of thinness.   There is an immense amount of pressure placed on women to be attractive and thin through the media and the stick-thin models regularly gracing magazine covers.   As a result, women are more likely to develop eating disorders.   Anorexia, an eating disorder that involves drastic fasting, and Bulimia, which consists of binge eating followed by any compensatory behavior, are virtually nonexistent in men (White, pg 62). Both of these disorders lead to serious health problems but anorexia ultimately leads to death by starvation.   It is thought that these disorders are caused by a perceived lack of control in their lives; which is balanced by these women having complete control over their looks.   Discrimination against unattractive or overweight women is an unspoken prejudice.   This epidemic of attaining physical perfection is actually an unnecessary and harmful setback for women. Women are more likely to seek therapy (Judith, 52).   There is an over-diagnosis of women and an under-diagnosis of men.   General discrimination towards women is that communal traits aren’t as valued as physical strength, which can lead to depression.   House work creates sense of never having leisure time, it provides no emotional reward and an isolation factor.   Emphasis on physical appearance, body image eating disorders, lack of control over appearance leads to depression.   Gender roles, since women are expected to be communal their relationships can lead to depression because there is more pressure on them to have good relationships, so when the relationships are unsuccessful, they tend to blame themselves. In the text book Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Gender, author Jacuelyn W. White discusses the cultural differences between men and women.   She argues that men and women live in entirely two separate worlds and likens the contrasting relationship between they have to that of a difference between two culture.   The requirements society places on this underlying female culture is the core cause of violence against women, such as rape sexual harassment and physical abuse (White, pg 58).   Western society designates women into an objectified position. They are seen as objects of sexual obsession, and a reward of male agentic interaction, but they are not seen as equal within male culture.   Oddly enough, within female culture, mainstream success is based on beauty, politeness and being conductors of societal interaction.   This is often the reason why the common saying is made that, if women ruled the world, war would no longer exist. In her book, Women’s Lives, Judeth Bridges analyzes dysfunctional female mental health.   She points out that girls and women account for 95 percent of cases of anorexia nervosa (Judith, 52).   One to four percent of all female adolescents and young adults suffer from the disorder (Judith, 52). Women are two to three times more likely to experience depression over their lifetime.   Women are also more likely to attempt suicide. Anorexia nervosa, and Bulimia are diseases, but they can both be seen as the direct result of personality disorders formed by women in reaction to societal confines.   The influences these societal confines have on the mental health of women is undeniable, but these societal prejudices are also being combated through contemporary film. The heroine in cinema has come a long way since the origin of film.   It can be argued that this is a directly relative to societal changes.   The performing arts have evolved from not allowing blacks, or women to perform, to having minorities in lead roles where they play everyman/woman characters.   From the villainously empowering days of the Femme fatale, to the current science fiction roles in which women save the world without any male assistance, the female in cinema is on the verge of equal empowerment. This is most true of those female celebrities who have established themselves as capable to play a broad range of roles.   Actresses like Angelina Jolie, Demi Moor and Sigourney Weaver play everything from action adventure heroines to pregnant mothers.   These women have contributed to the tradition of changing societal expectations of women through film.   One of the key films that plays on the cultural differences between men and women, while at the same time honestly depicts them is the film The Terminator, directed by James Cameron. The Terminator launched the career of, at the time, professional body builder and current governor Arnold Schwarzenegger; but more importantly, it is the quintessential science-fiction film. A young woman, by the name of Sarah Connor is hunted down by a cybernetic killer, who has traveled back in time from the year 2029.   In the future war between the Robots and humans, it is prophesied that Sarah Connor will give birth to the man who will save the human race. Thus, through her carrying out her motherly duty she becomes the hero of the film.   The twist on societal norms resides in the fact that Sarah Connor is also heralded as a great military hero in the future. These are ideals very common of the feminist empowerment movement.   Sarah maintains her social status as a female, while at the same time, she embodies all of the agentic qualities necessary to be a heroic soldier.   Though Connor is a soldier, she is also a woman who needs love, and by nature she feels the urge to love and mother a child.   In the beginning of the film, Sarah Connor is sensitive and weak. As the film progresses, her character becomes more confident and assertive.   The scene where Reese, her protector and love interest, teaches her how to make a pipe bomb from household products is an example of her learning the competitive tactics of men, and the point of her initial crossover into the role of the great soldier she is destined to become.   Connor in essence is presented as the last hope for the human race.   It is the triangular relationship between the Terminator, Connor and Reese that makes the most significant statement with regards to the contrast between male and female culture. Reese initially is sent back to protect Sarah Connor. Unbeknownst to either of them, he will eventually become the biological father of the baby he is sent to protect.   Reese is still a mortal, and continuously reminded of this fact when confronting the Terminator.   Sarah Connor is mortal, but she is also a great war hero fulfilling a prophecy. Sarah Connor’s character is empowered in this film and Reese is actually effeminized; by this, I mean that Reese is actually the weaker of the two. In the greatest measure of manliness against the ultimate destroying machine, Connor manages to surpass this benchmark; and in the end, she is the one who kills the Terminator. Whereas Reese, her supposed male protector, dies and fails where Sarah succeeds.   In the end, the only purpose he served was to produce offspring.   The man and the woman switch roles in this way, and an ironic yet empowering message is relayed to the audience.   Through film, the ideal that men and women are equal becomes more than just a neglected notion. In sum, societal expectations can be identified as the core cause to mental health problems in most women.   This can be seen in their inclination towards eating disorders, depression, and suicide attempts.   Though some of these ideals are being combated, women are still dying trying to fit into size zeros; they are forming social anxiety disorders that result in the increase of plastic surgery, excessively more expensive fashionable retail, and overall unrealistic expectations applied to women.   Advancements in mental health for women starts with adjustments to the prevalent ideals inherent in western society. Work Cited Belton, John. American Cinema/American Culture. New York: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting and New York Center for Visual History, 1994. Bridges, Judith, and Claire A. Etaugh. Women’s Lives. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006. 51-53. Russ, Joanna. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies ; Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer, 1979), p. 71. Sociology of motherhood.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Jan 2007, 11:29 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 23 Apr 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sociology_of_motherhoodoldid=99539527. White, Jacquelyn W. Taking Sides. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Dubuque: McGraw-Hills Company, 2007. 1-396.    How to cite Society the Mental Health of Women, Essay examples

Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet free essay sample

William Shakespeare is a popular and legendary play Wright from the a Elizabethan era. Shakespeares plays have stood the test and time and still appeal to audiences today. He wrote classics such as Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and The Taming of the Shrew. Shakespeare was an incredibly popular play Wright during Elizabeth oreign as Queen of England and at this time Britain was a Christian country . The English had a very poor opinion of their own language and their was very little serious writing, hardly any literature, Shakespeare was educated at a local grammar chool and went on to become one of the worlds most successful play wright. He also wrote two long poems and a collections of sonnets, that appealed to Elizabeth l, a great admirer of Shakespeares work. His plays were a variety of comedy, tragedy and romance. One of Shakespeares classics plays is Romeo and Juliet. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is said to have written the play in 1597 approx. Shakespeare tells the tale of two star crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet, whose short romance is plagued with tragedy. The play focus on popular themes such as romance, tragedy, death and violence. Shakespeare as inspired by a poem by Arthur Brook called, The tragical Histoire of Romeus and Juliet. The poem never got much acknowledgment or recognition but Shakespeare used it as the basis for writing a play about, who are now, the worlds most famous lovers. Romeo and Juliets meeting is told in the form of sonnets, which were very popular in Elizabeth I court and would appeal to Queen Elizabeth. It is said that Shakespeare wrote his plays with Queen Elizabeths tastes in mind. The prologue of the play reveals a lot about the plays theme and how fate plays an important part in he play. We are told that Romeo and Juliet are star crossed lovers (destined for bad luck) and death marked. we know that their relationship will be plagued with death. The prologue actually reveals the plot and could be seen as ruining the play. However many of Shakespeares audience were looking to enjoy how well it was told, not seeking to be surprised by original plot turns. Fate and fortune are closely related in this play. In the Elizabethan era people strongly believed in superstition, fate, destiny and the wheel of fortune. People believed they had no influence in their life as everything was already planned out. In this essay I will study how fate plays an important part in Romeo and Juliet and I will also study if Romeo and Juliet had the ability to choose what to do or if their short lives were predestined The play is filled with references to fate and fortune. Everything seems to fall in place and this theme appealed to Elizabethans. Events that happen later in the play link back to other events earlier on and it seem evident that Romeo and Juliets lives are ruled by the heel of fortune. Romeo is a young son of the Montagues. He is dramatic and constantly in love. Juliet is the daughter of the Capulet s, the rival family of the Montagues. She is quite naive and has always obeyed her parents wishes, until she meets Romeo. They meet by chance, fall in love and begin a relationship plagued with tragedy. They marry in secret but soon after Romeo is banished for killing Juliets cousin, Tybalt and Juliet is betrothed to Paris, a family friend. However Juliet posses a

Assignment the Sperm and the Egg Essays

Assignment the Sperm and the Egg Essays Assignment the Sperm and the Egg Essay Assignment the Sperm and the Egg Essay Fortunately though, there Is sexual arousal, which allows a male and a female to Indulge In their desire to satisfy their sexual urges. Their mere desire to mate and create new life. Before sexual intercourse can even happen, a male and a female must catch sight of one another and either notice something desirable, or just have the need to mate. This most likely starts with a look, a touch, or a kiss and ends with the wish of longing, of being together in the most intense way two creatures can be together. Though still before intercourse, there comes this excitement between the two. This causes blood to start flowing to the lower parts of the male and females bodies. Wealth the male, this causes an erection. An erection happens when blood enters the cylinders within the penis that allow it to stand and stiffen; the scrotum that holds the testicles start to swell as well. Within the female, this causes swelling and lubrication of the vulva (including the clitoris) to begin. This causes the inner vaginal lips to become inflated with blood and the sphincters to tighten. The breasts begin to tighten, enlarge, and the nipples harden. All of this arousal causes both parties to take on a reddish flush; both also begin to breathe harder and louder (some call this panting). This Is the beginning of a male and female getting ready to engage in sexual intercourse. In this phase of coitus, the male takes his penis and slowly presses his penis into the females vagina (Rather, 2005). The males internal sexual organs are the testes, which include the tubes that hold the sperm and other organs that help with producing semen. The females internal organs, which are also part of the reproduction process, are the vagina, the cervix, the uterus, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes. All of these organs have a specific part within sexual intercourse and reproduction. After the males penis enters the outer walls of the vagina, it begins to thrust in and out of the vagina, creating friction and stimulation for both parties. The vulva is extremely lubricated at this point, making the movements of the penis thrusting in and out easier on both. During arousal, the males penis will drip a clear fluid prior to ejaculating. This clear fluid Is secreted from the Coopers glands and Is much clearer and thinner In substance when compared to semen, though It still contains the sperm needed to fertilize an egg In a male, which can cause pregnancy (Rather, 2005). After an undetermined amount of time from a few minutes to a few hours (depending on the person), the males penis will contract and start ejaculating. Semen; which is made up of sperm and other fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the Coopers glands flow out from the tip of the penis (also known as the head) and enter the Internal sexual organs AT ten Tamale. I men, rater two cays time, ten Tatterdemalion process can Deign In ova after being released from the ovaries. Thus beginning the initiation of biological production by insemination in the infinitum (Rather, 2005). And this is where John and Jane come into play. John is a sperm. After being released into the internal sexual organs of the female, he becomes free. John happens to be a very strong swimmer and he knew hed have to be fast so that he could reach the egg first. Looking about his competition he knew this would be a great race and a fight to find his love. The warmth and darkness was comforting to John, but he knew he could not rest for his competition was right behind him. This was his only chance in this three- ay lifespan and he knew that if he did not reach the egg, then one of his competitors would. Luckily, John had an amazing sense of direction for being so small and he knew he would be the first to the egg. He was finding his way Just fine, though the Journey was still long and complicated, as well as crowded, leaving John little space to move forward quickly. But John was a fighter; he was not going to back down from this, even with the mass following after him. John continued to swim his way up. And though he began to feel cold, he continued to swim faster and faster. Keeping his competition close by at all times. And finally, after what seemed like days, he spotted the egg. John looked around taking note that there was no one else there, he took his chance. With every last ounce of his strength, John swam up to the egg. At this first and only glimpse, he knew he was in love. He knew that this was going to be his life mate. Introducing himself he met Jane, the egg. Slowly, John entered Jane and they became one. Thus forming a zygote that immediately began developing. But John didnt come empty-handed and neither did Jane.

Martin Luther Trial essays

Martin Luther Trial essays Martin Luther refused to admit guilt for what he had repeatedly published over the prior four years. Martin Luther was a German monk and was directly challenging the authority and teaching of Western Christendom and the man believed by Catholics to be the human representative of God on Earth, the Pope, Pope Leo X to be exact. Luther was challenging the power of Rome just as his ancestors did centuries ago. In order for the church to pay for wars and to encourage young men to fight began selling indulgences around the time of the Crusades. Anyone who bought an indulgence would receive complete absolution and remission of all sins and preferential treatment for future sins. Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church at Wittenberg. Luthers argument was that selling pardons like souvenirs trivialized sins. He criticized the pope for claiming to be able to reach beyond the grave and spring a soul from purgatory. After posting the Ninety-Five Theses the sale of indulgences went down drastically outside of Saxony, the region surrounding Wittenberg. As word spread around Western Europe, demonstrations for or against Luther started. A few archbishops called for heresy proceedings against Luther to begin immediately. Luther still published other pamphlets that condemned everything from relics and pilgrimages to the Holy City of Rome and extravagant claims of the power of the saints. Soon after, Pope Leo X had Luther brought to Rome. He had Luther issue a public retraction and swear to never again question papal authority, Luther refused. His public criticism of the misuse of letters of indulgence in 1517 did not result in the desired discussion but led to the start of a court of inquisition culminating in Luther's excommunication after the Imperial Diet of Worms in 1521. Frederick the Wise, king of Germany,...

Correlate Actions and Results with Project Management Processes Assignment

Correlate Actions and Results with Project Management Processes - Assignment Example A solution to this requires creation of a benchmark to enhance assessment of the quality of the end product (Alan, 2008). It is crucial to develop processes which will take place in achieving the ultimate goal. This will enhance coordination, correlation, and effective implementation of the project. The idea will also facilitate the creation of order of events; this reduces chances of producing a substandard output, because the outline ensures that implementers follow the recommended procedures (Clifford and Larson, 2007). Work break down structure will also facilitate correlation of actions, processes, and results. This is because it is a tool for strategic planning; the tool divides the project into subsections. The subsections facilitate division of labor in relation to job specialization, resource allocation, and delegation of duties among others. Project schedule will also a play part in resource allocation, and progress control (Pinkerton, 2007). The involvement of productive employees and supervisor will also improve correlation of the project’s process. This is because their attitude and ideologies are directly proportional to the results. From this, the project implementation teams have to be keen in hiring employees. With consideration of the above inclusions, we will impact on correlating actions and results with project management

Empirical analysis of relationship between land prices and housing Research Proposal

Empirical analysis of relationship between land prices and housing prices in Shanghai - Research Proposal Example This study is therefore a relevant on study that will aim to bridge the gap in literature on the seemingly lack of empirical research on the relationship between land prices and housing prices in Shanghai. Where there is a correlation, the research will take the position that since land is non-expenditure consuming product, real estate companies can focus on reducing prices of land so that accessibility to housing can improve. Once this is done, there will be a two-way benefit whereby both housing providers and consumers will benefit because supply will increase with increasing demand. The proposed study aims to collect very credible first hand data about the relationship between land prices and prices of houses in Shanghai. In order to ensure that the data presented in the data are not merely based on speculation, a lot of emphasis will be placed on primary data collection, which will be conducted by the use of the case study research design. This means that the proposed methodology will be a quantitative research that identifies a unique case when a research setting, which will be critically studied through the collection of primary data from associated respondents. As part of the research topic, the case that will be studied during the primary data collection is the empirical relationship between prices of land and the prices of houses. The research setting shall be the Shanghai Real Estate Agency. The fact that the study will be a case study means that the data collection approach will be focused specifically on the research setting, which is real estate in Sh anghai rather than generalising data for the larger industry of real estate. Statistics from the Office of National Statistics indicates that there are over 500 registered real estate agencies in Shanghai (Eppen and Hanson, 2011). The population of the study shall however focus on the marketing officers of these estate agencies alone. But as indicated by Evan and Stabler (2005),

Market Success and Entry Strategy Research Paper

Market Success and Entry Strategy - Research Paper Example The first and foremost step is the analysis of the market size and demand. The market according to the various segments are divided and categorized. For example, for an automobile market, the division of the market can be as according to the taste, demand and preference of the consumers. The consumers in one group of consumers are different from the other group and each represents a separate entity. The characteristics or the dimensions on which a market size is determined are geographic, cultural, social, economic and psychological factors. The market potential of a new consumer product is tested. The acceptance level of the product would decide the money that product will make in the market. There are various factors, which affect segmentation in a consumer market. Geographic is one such factor, where a country is segmented on basis region, city, urban, rural and climate. Demographically market is segmented on the basis of age, family size, gender, household income, life stage, occ upation, education, religion, race, generation and social class. Further, segmentation can be done on the basis of lifestyle and personality traits. On an individual level market can be segmented on the basis of attitude, belief and perception of products, product awareness and usage pattern. Market success analysis In any country the buying or the purchasing power is depends mostly on the infrastructure, currency, quality of the product and employment level. In mostly all agricultural based society, the production of a commodity, information to other available resources is very less. The resources like the labors, professionals or the working class has a major impact on the success of any foreign company in any country. In India the distribution of labor forces is unequal. Most of the professionals reside in the urban areas. Hangout Plaza is a fast food chain of restaurant. It offers mostly burgers, chicken pizzas, which will not be accepted by the rural population. In India, the c ost of labor is low. In order for the company to be able to market their product smoothly they should employ the local population. The skilled, unskilled labors can be deployed to gain the confidence of the locals and to get the work done at a cheaper rate. The regulations and the duties imposed by the government also play a major part in shaping the business of a company in the international market. The Government's red tape policies are often a hindrance for any foreign company. In India, the government is quite liberal in allowing the foreign companies to enter. India has many U.S. base hotels which are operating since a long time (FAO, 1997).    The political, economic and social factor poses a serious problem risk for any new company in the global market. For Hangout Plaza, there are many competition threats from many other fast food chains of hotels. Since there is no clear-cut strategy to decide and ascertain which strategy can be useful for assessing the competition threat s, the need to understand and calculate the same becomes more tedious and tough.  Ã‚  

the importance of water in plant growth

the importance of water in plant growth Water is a vital component to the survival of every plant in the world as it is aids in the way that they obtain their food (through the process of photosynthesis), grow (cell division, mitosis), respire (cellular respiration) and how they keep their formation (rigidity). Water helps plants maintain their formation by transporting dissolved nutrients, amino acids and sugars from the soil to areas where it is of high demand. It flows through cell membranes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (osmosis) (A Sanders, 2010). Water allows plants to survive by being one of the vital reactants in the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. Every molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom which are tightly held together by covalent bonds. This molecule contains 10 protons, 10 electrons and 8 neutrons (refer to fig 6) (Answers Cooperation, 2010). Water has a boiling point of 100Â °C and a freezing point of 0Â °C. In our world water is found in three different states; ice, liquid and as steam or water vapour. Due to cohesive forces, the molecules of water are strongly attracted to each other and therefore the surface tension (the charge of the water molecules attract eachother to form a skin across the surface of the water) that is created is vital to the survival of many animals (e.g. pond skater). Water molecules have dipoles due to the electrons being shared from both hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom (refer to fig 6). This means that the electrons spend more time near the oxygen atom then near the hydrogen atoms resulting in a slight negative charge on the side of the molecule which contains t he oxygen atom and a slight positive charge on the side of the molecule which contains both hydrogen atoms (A Capri, 2010) (Chemistry, MJones, GJones, DAcaster). Fig 6: Basic Water Molecule. Fig 7: Root Structure of a Plant. The main area of plants which absorb water from their surrounding environment is the root hair zone. Inside the zone, are the roots hairs of the plants which are found growing parallel to the roots. The root hairs (refer to fig 7) of the plants have fragile like characteristics so they are replaced every day at an average rate of 100 million. The root hairs are slender and are present in hefty sizes so they are able to cover enormous amount of surface area therefore absorbing maximum water (containing nutrients, amino acids and sugars from the soil. From the roots hairs, the water (and what contained in the water) travel through the tissues found within the roots, stems and leaves of plants called xylem and phloem. (B Dery, 2009) (TutorVista.com, 2010) (R Bailey, 2010). Fig8: Xylem and Phloem Structures. The transport system of vascular plants is made up of the xylem tissue and the phloem tissue, two different tissues which run through the roots, stem and leaves of plants (refer to fig 8) (Andrew Rader Studios, 2010) (SlideShare Inc, 2008). These two tissues are shaped like tubes and due to this characteristic, are easily able to transport water from the soil to the areas of the plants where it is needed most. There are three main differences between the two tissues with the first one being that the tubes of xylem transport water and dissolved nutrients throughout the plant whilst the tubes of the phloem transports amino acids and sugars (N Neezal, 2010). Secondly the cells within the xylem tubes are dead whilst the cells within the phloem tubes are living and thirdly the xylem tissue only allows a one-way flow whilst the phloem tissue allows a two-way flow (refer to fig 10). Fig 10: Characteristics of Xylem and Phloem Vessels. The xylem tubes are long and thick and are made of vessels and tracheids (Harun Yahya International, 2004). The tubes are attached from end to end allowing the water to reach maximum speed throughout its journey of the plant (Andrew Rader Studios, 2010). The phloem tubes are made up of sieve and companion cells which run parallel to each other. They are long and thin also joined from end to end. Located on the end walls of the tubes are large pores which allow amino acids and sugars to enter and flow out of the tubes throughout the plant to areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (Tiscali UK Limited, No Date). Fig 9: The Transpiration Process of Plants. From the xylem and phloem tissues, water, dissolved nutrients, amino acids and sugars are transported up through the plant due to a process called transpiration. Transpiration (refer to fig 9) is the evaporation of water generally from the leaves of plants (Refer to reference 12, 13). The process of transpiration allows all the dissolved nutrients contained in the water molecules to move from the roots to the leaves, allowing them to be rehydrated due to the water loss experienced from transpiration. The process of transpiration is a continuous cycle allowing the leaves of plants to transpire yet still allowing them to rehydrate from the nutrients, amino acids and sugar contained in the water molecules. Fig 12: Evenly Transferred Molecular Motion of Kettles/Stoves. Water is water; fresh, boiled, heated, cooled, frozen, its all the same or so it is thought. The way in which water is heated and/or boiled by common household appliances for example a kettle or a microwave, may change the function and the way of which water molecules are designed to work. By boiling water in a kettle (or on a stove), water is heated evenly (refer to fig 12) due to the continuous cycle that occurs in this particular way of heating. The warmer water molecules rise and the cooler water molecules descend until they are warm therefore resulting in evenly heated water. The process of how water heats up in a microwave is completely different to how it heats up in a kettle. In a microwave, random parts of the water are chosen from the various angles within the microwave, therefore heating up minimal surface area compared to a kettle which heats up the complete area (refer to fig 11). This is the reason why sometimes when heating food up in a microwave some areas are hot whilst others are cold (Wimpy, 2010). Fig 11: Random Microwave Waves. The aim of this extended experimental investigation is to investigate what effect, if there is an effect, water that has been heated up in a microwave has on Petunia x hybrida and Tagetes patula plants. What effect will water heated up in a microwave have on the growth and development of Petunia x hybrida and Tagetes patula plants? It was hypothesized that water that is heated up in a microwave will somehow (due to the components of the microwave) be unable to pick up essential nutrients such as amino acids and sugar from the soil. By the hypothesis stated, it is evident to see that the reason for investigating and performing this experiment is to discover whether or not plants are still able to grow and develop to their full potential using water that has been heated up in a microwave.

Science :: essays research papers

Addition of Torques Objective:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To ascertain equilibrium of the meter stick. Doing so by finding missing variables consisting of torque, length, weight and mass. Record all results and compare to calculated results. Procedure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Lab part A) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A fiberglass meter stick is to be used. Suspend this meter stick using string. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang 100 gram weight from the meter stick with a string a the 10 cm point on the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Move the loop that suspends the meter stick left or right horizontally until the meter stick balances. (with the 100 g weight still attached at the 10 cm point) Procedure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Lab part B) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Place a string at 65 cm to support the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find the torque produced by the off centered string support by hanging weights on the shorter end of the meter stick to make it balance. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Take found torque and calculate mass to be placed at the 15 cm mark in order to balance the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang weights to meter stick at the 15 cm location until the meter stick acquires equilibrium to prove your calculations. Procedure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Lab part C) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suspend a meter stick with string placed at the 65 cm point. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang 100 grams of weight at the 45 cm mark, and 500 grams at the 90 cm mark on the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang 200 grams of weight between 0 – 45 cm mark and move this weight until equilibrium is achieved. Record this measurement. Data Part A:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mass of weight (m-2) = 100 grams Position string balanced = 36.4 cm Distance from center of meter stick to balance point. (L-1) = 13.6 cm Distance from balance point to suspended weight. (L-2) = 26.4 cm Mass of meter stick. (at center gravity) m1 = m2 (L1/ L2) Therefore: m1 = 100 (26.4/13.6) m1 = 100(1.94111) m1 = 194.1176 grams (mass of the meter stick) Data Part B:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Found natural torque (off set support string) = t = fl 85 grams placed at 100 cm balanced the off set support string at 65 cm. Therefore: t = 85 * (100 – 65) t = 2975 Total torque of right side of support string: t = 90cm – 65cm (500 g) t = 12,500 Then we calculated the left side torque: t = 65cm – 40cm (100g) t = 2500   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Then we took the right torque and subtracted the left torque: 9525 – 2500 = 7025 (this is the missing force on the left side) Missing torque 7025 = 50cm ( ? ) 7025/50 = 140.5grams Calculate weight to be placed at 15cm. = 140.5 grams Data Part C:

Patton Fuller Financial Statements Essay

Financial statements hold a great deal of information on them and there are many things to consider when reviewing them. A financial statement can be audited or unaudited which vary in expense information. There are effects of revenue sources to consider and businesses have a different revenue every year. They can either be close in dollar amount or could vary significantly. The financial goal to how much revenue a business wants to make should be set in order to plan and control for expenses that the business must pay for in case of emergencies. Financial statements are very detailed and are well informative of the financial status of a business. Audited Versus Unaudited In the Patton-Fuller revenue and expense statement report, the audited or unaudited financial statements vary in their particular expense information. A considerable reduction in the analysis of income is the fundamental procurement of every doubtful account. The distinct term refers to fixed number of accounts receivable that will eventually become bad debt or standardized as unvaluable funds. A statement furnished concerning all third party reports shall always demonstrate the distribution of doubtful accounts noteworthy as an expenditure (Baker & Baker, 2011). Management of the doubtful accounts have a million dollar increase particularly on the audited statement report in comparison to the unaudited report. All the allotments in the calculated amounts vary within the net income and operating income from signifying a profit that undoubtedly shows a loss. An audited balance statement affirms an amount of one million dollars that is reduced in revenue corresponding with the unaudite d report on the present profit listed that relates to patient balance due.

Travel Nursing and Filling High-Need Roles

Travel Nursing and Filling High-Need Roles Jeff Long, as marketing manager for Medical Solutions, spends quite a bit of time talking about travel nursing, or nurses traveling to different parts of the country to fill temporary needs, and tells nurses what they need to know on Travel Nursing Blogs. He chatted with us about filling a specific, temporary niche. What is travel nursing, for those unfamiliar with the concept?Travel nursing is a specific area of the healthcare staffing industry that focuses on providing nurses on a temporary basis to hospitals in need of additional nurse staff. The standard length of a travel nurse contract is 13 weeks, but it can vary, and many jobs will also offer extensions. Nurses go through a travel nurse staffing firm, which helps place them in a temporary assignment at a facility and brokers the terms of employment, including quality screening, housing, benefits and much more.Why is it so difficult for hospitals in the US to fill these nursing positions with local candidates? Is the shortage of nurses that bad?Reasons creating the need for additional nurse staff vary widely. Very often, traveler positions are not ones that a hospital intends to fill with a permanent, local candidate, but through temporary staff they are able to more finely tune staffing levels to align with their unique and fluctuating patient care needs.For example, need can be caused due to a temporary influx of senior citizens to an area like Arizona or Florida in the winter months. With their arrival comes additional population with much greater healthcare needs, which puts a temporary higher demand on healthcare workers. If the hospital were to address this need with permanent positions, it could end up overstaffed in the summer months. Other causes can include EMR conversions, or other such things that might temporarily pull perm staff off the floor. The bottom line is that when need surges for any reason, staffing must follow suit – and travel nursing helps hospitals adapt while continuing to provide excellent patient care and protect their perm staff from nurse burnout.The nursing shortage is a very real problem – one that travel nursing helps address! Many factors created the nursing shortage, including an aging Baby Boomer population. Aging Boomers will continue to require more medical care, and to compound things further, a huge number of mature Boomer nurses are at or nearing retirement age, eliminating members of the healthcare workforce. Additionally, as more Americans are insured and seeking care, more RNs are required to satisfy the increase in patient care.How do you find nurses willing to relocate for a role?There are a lot of amazing benefits to travel nursing that definitely make it worthwhile for nurses. First, and probably the top reason for most nurses, is the ability to travel and experience new places while getting paid. The option of travel nursing is pretty unique to the healthcare industry, as not many other professions can travel at will for work. Travelers can â€Å"try on† different cities to better adjudicate potential future re-location, or they may just be in it for the sheer adventure. It also allows them to craft their lifestyle exactly as they want it – an assignment in Colorado can be timed perfectly with ski season, for example, or a job in California or Hawaii can let a nurse escape a cold Midwestern winter.Travel nursing is also amazing for a nurse’s resume and overall professional development. Having travel nursing assignments under his or her belt shows future prospective employers that a nurse is proficient and adaptable. Encountering a variety of hospital systems, challenges, personalities and patient demographics always results in a stronger, better versed nurse.Another attractive factor to travel nurses is being able to go where their skills are most needed. Nurses are an altruistic lot; they do what they do because they truly care for people in need. Through travel nursing, th ey are able to ensure that they’re using their training and skills at facilities where it will make the most positive impact to patient care quality.Where do you see healthcare staffing heading in the future?Healthcare staffing is definitely a growing industry, with sustainable potential for increased future growth. The nursing shortage continues to mount, and some projections predict it will peak around the 2020s. With healthcare reform and progressively greater healthcare needs, healthcare staffing growth may even be poised to outpace current industry projections.What are some things hospitals should consider when hiring and working with nurses from outside their particular city or state?Hospital administrators should first educate themselves on the many benefits travel nurses can bring to their facility. Travel nurses prevent nurse burnout and save facilities money in the long run on turnover and other associated costs. And, most importantly, travelers help sustain excelle nt patient care, which is priceless to patients and their families. In turn, this protects a facility’s good reputation for quality care within the community.Facilities that work to create a welcoming environment for travelers will also get a good reputation as being traveler-friendly. This will help keep both perm and temporary employees engaged and happy on the job – leading to better patient outcomes, while also attracting the best nurse talent.What should hospitals consider when working with a healthcare staffing agency to meet their staffing needs?Hospitals should make sure they work with travel nurse staffing companies that emphasize quality screening and deliver only the best temporary nurses. There are many agencies out there that will sacrifice quality to seal a deal, but at the end of the day it is the hospital’s reputation on the line. The number one thing a hospital should look for in a healthcare staffing agency is a commitment to offering quality p roviders.

buy custom The Banking Industry in the United States of America essay

buy custom The Banking Industry in the United States of America essay A bank is any institution that acts as a financial link between the clients, who do not have enough capital, and those, who have surplus of capital. Banks are highly important institutions of finance and are highly regulated by most governments. As a client of the Wells Fargo bank, I love the ease, with which one can secure a loan for their university studies. Moreover, I enjoy the ease, with which one can prepare payrolls and benefits for his/her staff for a small business. It is also easy opening an account with this bank. I would not switch to any other bank, because this bank takes care of the needs of the common customers, and is fairly stable in business with a year-to-date net income of $9,707,000. The benefits of insurance companies working together with the banking institutions are many. The insurance companies would be able to cut on the employees wages and salaries as some of their products would be sold directly by the bank. This means they will have less direct sales representatives. The bank staff would also be able to get useful information on the products sold by the insurance company. It will also be a win-win situation for both an insurance company and a bank, as they will share the commissions. A country may introduce deposit insurance to provide protection for its citizens, who deposit money in banking institutions. This may be done in part or full. This is directed at protecting the citizens from losses arising due to the inability of a banking institution to pay to its clients. This is a strategy that is aimed at providing stable financial progress to the institutions and bank depositors. This will definitely cover the losses of a bank on the verge of failing. If a banking system is well-organized, the economic growth of a given nation is bound to be in the forward direction. When the bank evaluates and diversifies the potetial risk of its borrowers, they contribute positively to the economic growth of the nation in question. Among the advantages of deposit insurance is that it minimizes or excludes the danger of its client facing a loss. By providing the protection of the clients capital, which may be his/her life-savings or vital transaction capital, the depositor does not have to be afraid of losing their capital, and can instead concentrate on running their business. Deposit insurance provides the certainty of the process of resolution in the case of a bank being on the verge of failing. This works towards maintenance of stability even when crisis in the entire banking industry threatens. This system should be partially subsidized by the taxpayers in order to reduce the burden, so that the bank is not let off the hook by the government. The taxpayers are more bound to make a profit if there are zero subsidies. This would make sure that both the banks under crisis and the depositors do not get extra profit. Among the laws that have changed the banking industry in the United States of America is the deposit insurance policy that has seen the depositors take loans to invest without the fear of the banking getting into a crisis. The second is the law that protects the consumer. This law gives the consumers the right of information to the terms and conditions when opening a new savings account. The third banking law is the central banking regulation that is put in place for the regulation of transactions. Bank failures are a sign that industry is healthy. This is because when the industry is healthy, there is plenty of competition, so the industry is open for everybody and only the best banks will remain operating. When a bank is facing crisis a merger is the most likely option in order to continue being in operation. For exammple the Berks County Trust Company and the Schuylkill Valley Bank merged to form the Berks County Trust Company and ultimately the Wells Fargo Bank. Mergers are also important in order to continue with the cross-selling of products of two financial institutions. A website should be designed to meet the expectation of the clients. A company can involve the clients in the designing of its website by having a questionnaire that the customers can fulfill. This can be done through the feedback form. The website designed should have the capability of recording the number of visitors per day and be geared towards promoting the products that the bank offers. Internet fraud is becoming a very common act in this era and more and more customers find themselves at the mercy of internet fraudsters. In order to prevent internet fraud one should never expose their personal information online. For example your names, place of residence and work, as well as all the passwords should always be kept private. The customers should never respond to the emails from strangers as well. Customers should deal with the companies that are trusted and enquire as to when the products are to be delivered. Once you detect that you have been a victim of the internet fraud, you should first put a fraud alert on all credit transactions that are done on your behalf. As a customer, one should communicate with all the institutions that are affected directly. Most financial institutions have assets that they have purchased in order to increase their solvency. In some cases the assets that these financial institutions acquire do not have any physical substance. Goodwill is a scenario, in which a banking institution buys another company and pays more than what its net value is. Among other intangible assets are mortgage servicing rights and purchased credit card rights. 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Start your own small business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Start your own small business - Assignment Example reasons due to which individuals start their own business is that they want to operate independently and want to become the boss instead of being bossed around. These individuals do not prefer taking instructions from others. They believe that they are quite creative and can perform better by starting their own business. A research was conducted by Lange in order to identify the factors due to which individuals choose to be self-employed instead of working for another organization (Lange, 2012). Lange identified that autonomy and independence were the main factors that were motivating these individuals to be self-employed. Another reason due to which individuals choose to start their own business is that the concept of job security is fading away. Brenner reports that fresh graduates have started perceiving that being an entrepreneur provides them with the feeling of job security (Brenner, 1991). This means that the previously held belief that an individual’s job is much secur e when they are employed is fading away and now individuals believe that self-employment results in job security. Brenner, O., Pringle, C., & Greenhaus, J. (1991). Perceived fulfillment of organizational employment versus entrepreneurship: Work values and career intentions of business college graduates. Journal Of Small Business Management, 29(3),

MGMT338 U2 DB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT338 U2 DB - Assignment Example Police detective and engineering manager are paid on base plus incentive arrangement. Here, they are compensated at 80% of the compensation plus an incentive component which offers them the chance to reward goal oriented performance (Armstrong, 2003). The benchmarking productivity is crucial for maintaining the standards of the group. Registered nurse and landscaper are paid straight salaries. Here, they are paid predetermined amount of cash annually. One of the effects of the compensation is a reduction in utilisation. The nurses and landscapers are no longer compensated for prescribing treatment and offering landscaping services respectively. Conversely, a mechanical engineer is paid on hourly basis. Here, an engineer is paid their time using hourly rates. This computes the compensation by multiplying the number of hours entered on the transaction sheet by the hourly rate. An engineer is paid depending on the number of hours (Khan, & Jain,